1st Edition
Computational Design and Optimization of Supersonic Intakes
This book offers a unique perspective on the intersection of supersonic intake design, formal optimization methods, and the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for evaluating the performance of intakes. Details of the meta-model and optimization scheme, as well the CFD solvers used at each stage of the optimization process, are presented.
Additionally, for a balanced perspective, a separate chapter presents a faster, lower-fidelity alternative to RANS computation, complemented by its illustrative application to hypersonic intakes.
Key Features:
- Discusses multi-objective design of supersonic intakes using formal optimization tools such as Kriging/MOGA.
- Leverages advancement in CFD methods and optimization techniques for practical supersonic intake design.
- Covers reduced-order analysis of supersonic intake.
- Focuses on the intricate aspects of cowl design and throat shaping.
- Presents conical intake design with geometric constraints and TPR-drag trade-offs
This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers, and professionals in aircraft propulsion, intake design, and aerospace engineering.
About the authors
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Requirements and conflicts
1.3 Design choices
1.4 Intake compression types
1.5 Optimal number of ramps
1.6 Intake self-starting
References
Chapter 2. Optimal ramp shocks
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Algorithm 1: optimal ramp angles
2.3 Algorithm 2: optimal ramp lengths
2.4 Example 1: 2-ramp external intake (E2)
2.5 Mixed compression intake
2.6 Algorithm 3: Throat height
2.7 Example 2: 2-ramp mixed intake (M2)
References
Chapter 3. Conceptual intake design
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Example 3: 3-ramp external intake (E3)
3.3. Example 4: 1-ramp mixed intake (M1)
3.4. Example 5: 2-ramp mixed intake with angled cowl (M2A)
3.5. Comparative statement
3.6. Optimal conical shocks
References
Chapter 4. Reduced-order modeling of supersonic intakes
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Method of characteristics
4.3. Reduced-Order Aerodynamic Model (ROAM)
4.3.1. Oblique shock modeling
4.3.2. Expansion fan modeling
4.3.3. Wave interactions as Riemann problems
4.3.4. Real gas effects
4.3.5. Adaptive mesh refinement
4.3.6. Algorithm and Implementation
4.4. Application: hypersonic inlet
References
Chapter 5. CFD analysis of supersonic intakes
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Governing equations for supersonic intake flow
5.3. Choice of solver and numerical schemes
5.4. Domain and boundary conditions
5.5. Mesh Generation
5.6. Grid convergence study
5.7. CFD with optimizer
References
Chapter 6. Supersonic diffuser duct design
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Cowl lip
6.1.1. Cowl Lip Location
6.1.2. Cowl lip thickness
6.3. Diverging throat
6.4. Throat shape
6.5. Cowl Lip Angle Modification
6.6. Effect of BPR
6.7. Comparison of Modified Design
References
Chapter 7. Supersonic diffuser optimization
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Axiomatic design theory
7.3. Functional requirements
7.4. Design parameters
7.5. Optimization procedure
7.6. Exploring the Design Space with Latin Hypercube Sampling
7.7. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations
7.8. Surrogate Model
7.9. Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) Optimization
7.10. Optimization of E3 supersonic intake
Initial sample points
Optimization loop
7.11. Pareto front
7.12. Optimal solution
References
Chapter 8. 3D intakes
8.1. Introduction
8.2. 3D Geometry Development
8.3. Computational Analysis
8.4. Off-design conditions
8.4.1. Effect of angle of attack
8.4.2. Effect of Different Mach Numbers
References
Chapter 9. Conical Intakes
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Optimal cone angles
9.3 Design flexibility in cowl lip positioning
9.4 Conical flare
9.5 Cowl shape optimization
9.5.1 Intake length unconstrainted
9.5.2 Solutions with Intake Length Constraint
9.5.3 Off-Oswatitsch solution
References
Appendix A. ROAM code
Appendix B. Computing Boundary Layer Value Correction
Appendix C. Thrust and drag computation
Biography
Dr. Jatinder Pal Singh Sandhu is a senior R&D engineer at Yanxiki Tech., Pune, India. He has nearly a decade of experience in numerical computation and analysis of compressible high-speed flow. His expertise includes passive flow control of shock-wave boundary layer interaction, high-speed intakes, turbulence and transition modeling, and computational flow solver development. He was awarded a PhD by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, for his work on laminar-to-turbulence transition modeling.
Dr. Ik Soo Park, an expert in propulsion and control technology for guided missiles and aircraft, currently works at the Agency for Defense Development of the Republic of Korea. With 30 years of experience in the field, he has conducted practical-oriented research, including system design control algorithms for supersonic inlet, combustion instability, rocket thrust vector, and DACS. His invaluable contributions to the development of rockets and air intake propulsion engines have led to the publication of ground-breaking research results, earning him multiple Best Paper awards. Currently residing in Daejeon, South Korea, Dr. Park actively serves as the academic director of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineering and the Korea Aerospace System Engineering Society. He engages in academic activities through AIAA, IEEE, KSAS, and KSPE. Moreover, Dr. Park maintains regular exchanges with scholars from over 20 renowned research institutes worldwide, conducting international joint research and fostering continuous collaboration in related fields.
Dr Narayan Ananthkrishnan is an Independent Consultant presently based out of Mumbai (India) with nearly 30 years experience in academia and industry in multi-disciplinary research and development across a wide spectrum from Flight Dynamics & Control to Airplane Aerodynamics to Combustion Systems. Over the past decade, he has largely worked with businesses in the Mumbai/Pune area and Bangalore in India, and in Seoul and Daejeon, South Korea, and with a few select academic institutes. His recent work has focused on the broad area of Aerospace Systems Design & Integration with emphasis on Multidisciplinary Optimization and Air-breathing Propulsion Systems. He has previously served on the faculty of Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, IIT Bombay at Mumbai, India, and as a Visiting Faculty Member at the California Institute of Technology at Pasadena, CA, USA. He received the “Excellence in Teaching” award at IIT Bombay in the year 2000. He has authored two textbooks (with NK Sinha), Elementary Flight Dynamics with an Introduction to Bifurcation and Continuation Methods, published by CRC Press, Taylor & Francis (2014, 2nd ed. in 2022, Chinese ed. in 2022) and Advanced Flight Dynamics with Elements of Flight Control, also published by CRC Press, Taylor & Francis (2017). He has also written an e-book on Airplane Systems, Design, and Operations. He received his education in Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institutes of Technology, majoring in Flight Mechanics & Control, Aerodynamics, Aircraft Design, and Nonlinear Systems. He is an Associate Fellow at American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics (AIAA) and has served a term as a member of the AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Technical Committee.
